Does the Presence of Clubfoot delay the Onset of Walking? / A presença do pé torto congênito atrasa o início da marcha?

Abstract Objective Congenital clubfoot (PTC) is a congenital orthopedic condition often requiring intensive treatment; little is known about the impact of such treatment on motor development. The present study assessed whether gait development is later in patients with PTC treated with the Ponseti method in comparison to a control group and analyzed possible related factors. Methods Patients born at term, < 6 months old, not submitted to previous treatment and with a minimum follow-up period of 24 months were included. The control group consisted of patients with no musculoskeletal disorders seen during the present study. Results The study group consisted of 97 patients, whereas the control group had 100 subjects. The mean age at gait start was 14.7 ± 3.2 months in the study group and 12.6 ± 1.5 months in the control group (p< 0.05). Factors related to late gait included age at beginning of treatment > 3 weeks, number of plaster cast changes > 7, recurrence and nonperformance of Achilles tenotomy. Age at beginning of treatment > 3 weeks was related to a greater number of plaster cast changes. Gender and laterality were not related to late gait development. Conclusion Congenital clubfoot patients treated with the Ponseti method show independent walking approximately 2 months later than the control group. Delayed treatment, higher number of plaster cast changes, recurrence and nonperformance of Achilles tenotomy were related to late gait.

Resumo Objetivo O pé torto congênito (PTC) é uma das alterações ortopédicas congênitas que mais frequentemente necessita tratamento intensivo, e pouco se sabe o impacto desse tratamento no desenvolvimento motor. O presente estudo buscou avaliar se pacientes portadores de PTC tratados pelo método de Ponseti desenvolvem a marcha mais tardiamente comparado a um grupo controle e analisar possíveis fatores relacionados. Métodos Incluídos pacientes nascidos a termo, com < 6 meses de idade, sem tratamento prévio e com seguimento mínimo de 24 meses. O grupo controle foi de pacientes sem alterações musculoesqueléticas, atendidos no mesmo período da realização do presente estudo. Resultados Um total de 97 pacientes formaram o grupo de estudo e 100 o grupo controle. A média de idade no início da marcha no grupo de estudo foi de 14,7 ± 3,2 meses, e 12,6 ± 1,5 meses (p< 0,05) no grupo controle. Fatores relacionados à marcha tardia foram: idade de início do tratamento > 3 semanas, número de trocas gessadas > 7, recidiva e não realização da tenotomia de Aquiles. Idade de início do tratamento > 3 semanas esteve relacionada a maior número de trocas de gessos. Gênero e lateralidade não tiveram relação com a marcha tardia. Conclusão Pacientes com PTC tratados com o método de Ponseti apresentam marcha independente aproximadamente 2 meses mais tarde do que o grupo controle. Início mais tardio do tratamento, maior número de trocas de gessos, recidiva e não realização da tenotomia de Aquiles foram relacionados com atraso da marcha.

Evaluation of short-term effectiveness of orthopedic manual therapy in signs and symptoms of myofascial pain: a controlled clinical trial / Evaluación de la eficacia a corto plazo de la terapia manual ortopédica en signos y síntomas de dolor miofascial: un ensayo clínico controlado

To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of orthopedic manual therapy (OMT) in signs and symptoms of myofascial pain (MFP) in young adults. Materials and Methods: An experimental controlled clinical study was performed in young adults between 19 and 24 years old. Thirty-one patients with MFP according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were divided into two groups. Group A: Orthopedic Manual Therapy (n=16; 10 females, 6 males; 21.6 ± 1.70 years old), and Group B: Control group (n=15; 10 females, 5 males; 20.9 ± 2.00 years old). The participants of group A were treated for a period of 6 weeks; Six therapeutic interventions were performed. Degree of dysfunction (Helkimo index), pain level (VAS scale), and range of mandibular movements (opening and lateral movements) were taken at baseline (T0) and immediately at post-treatment (T1). The data were analyzed with chi-square test and t-test; p<0.05 was considered significant. Result: After the OMT, there were no significant changes in diagnosis of MFP according to RDC/TMD (p=0.41); however, there was a statistically significant improvement in the Helkimo index (p=0.0083) and the level of pain according to the VAS scale (p=0.0004). Mandibular movements did not show significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that a 6-week period of OMT treatment has a clinically significant effect in pain level and degree of dysfunction in patients with MFP. A longer follow-up study is required to better assess the effects of manual therapy.

Evaluar la efectividad a corto plazo de la terapia manual ortopédica (TMO) en los signos y síntomas del dolor miofascial (DMF) en adultos jóvenes. Materiales and Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico controlado en adultos jóvenes entre 19 y 24 años. Treinta y un pacientes fueron diagnosticados con DMF según los criterios de diagnóstico para trastornos tempo-romandibulares (CDI/TTM) y se dividieron en dos grupos. Grupo A: Terapia manual ortopédica (n = 16; 10 mujeres, 6 hombres; 21,6 ± 1,70 años), y Grupo B: grupo de control (n = 15; 10 mujeres, 5 hombres; 20,9 ± 2,00 años). Los participantes del grupo A fueron tratados por un período de 6 semanas. Se realizaron seis intervenciones terapéuticas. El grado de disfunción (índice Helkimo), el nivel de dolor (escala EVA) y el rango de movimientos mandibulares (movimientos de apertura y laterales) se evaluaron al inicio del estudio (T0) e inmediatamente después del tratamiento (T1). Los datos se analizaron con la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la prueba t de student; se consideró significativo cuando p fue menor a 0.05. Resultados: Después de la TMO, no hubo cambios significativos en el diagnóstico de DMF según CDI /TTM (p=0,41); sin embargo, hubo una mejora estadísticamente significativa en el índice Helkimo (p=0.0083) y el nivel de dolor según la escala EVA (p= 0.0004). Los movimientos mandibulares no mostraron diferencias significativas (p>0.05). Conclusión: Este estudio sugirió que un período de 6 semanas de tratamiento con TMO tiene un efecto clínicamente significativo en el nivel de dolor y el grado de disfunción en pacientes con DMF. Se requiere un estudio de largo plazo para evaluar de mejor forma el efecto de la terapia manual ortopédica.

Treatment of anterior glenohumeral dislocations with manual reduction of WU medical school / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the technique, mechanism and clinical efficacy of manual reduction of WU medical school in the treatment of anterior glenohumeral dislocations.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to December 2017, 181 patients with anterior glenohumeral dislocations were treated with our manual reduction, including 71 males and 110 females, ranging in age from 19 to 94 years old, with a mean age of(61.1±16.3) years old; 68 cases of subglenoid type, 93 cases of subcoracoid type and 20 cases of subclavian type. Constant score was used to evaluate limb function while the external fixation was removed.@*RESULTS@#One hundred and fifty-seven patients achieved reduction at the first attempt and 23 patients achieved at the second time. There was no vascular damage, nerve damage or iatrogenic fracture accmpanied. The Constant score ranged from 75 to 100, with a mean score of 92.1±4.3. One hundred and sixty-eight patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of (16.1±3.2) months, no recurrent dislocation occurred during the follow up period.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The manual reduction of WU medical school in the treatment of anterior glenohumeral dislocations has high success rate and low complication rate, which is scientific, safe, standardized, easy to learn and worth promoting.

Ketamine sedation for orthopedic procedures in a high complexity emergency service: a descriptive study / Sedación con ketamina para procedimientos ortopédicos en un servicio de urgencias de alta complejidad. Un estudio descriptivo

Abstract Introduction: Rapid recovery and low cost are among the benefits of ketamine for emergency sedation. It has been excluded as the first choice because of the associated adverse events. Objective: To describe the adverse events associated with the use of ketamine in a high-complexity emergency service. Materials and methods: Review of clinical records of patients who received sedation with ketamine for orthopedic procedures in the emergency room between January 2012 and June 2015, with identification of adverse events. Results: Overall, 354 patients were identified (74% males, 32% children), with a median age of 21 years, interquartile range (IQR) of 20 years. Of them, 66% had upper limb injuries, 79% were treated on an outpatient basis, with a median length of stay in the emergency service of 3.6hours (IQR 2,5). In 98%, sedation was given by a different practitioner from the orthopedic surgeon. Ketamine and midazolam were administered together in the same proportion, and 3 or more medications were used in 13% of cases. Overall, 14 adverse events (3.9%) were described, 9 related to desaturation between 80% and 90% which was solved with oxygen through nasal cannula, 3 were cases of vomiting following sedation with no aspiration, and 2 were cases of desaturation <80% which were managed with oxygen administration through a cannula and maneuvers to maintain airway patency. One patient had visual hallucinations. No patient required advanced airway maneuvers. Conclusion: The use of ketamine for sedation in the emergency service is associated with a low prevalence of major adverse events. Sedation with ketamine and midazolam appears to be a safe strategy for these procedures.

Resumen Introducción: La ketamina para sedación en urgencias tiene beneficios tales como recuperación rápida y bajo costo. Se ha excluido como primera opción por sus eventos adversos. Objetivo: Describir los eventos adversos relacionados con el uso de ketamina en un servicio de urgencias de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes que recibieron ketamina en urgencias para sedación en procedimientos ortopédicos entre enero de 2012 y junio de 2015, identificando eventos adversos. Resultados: Se identificaron 354 pacientes, (74% hombres, 32% niños), con una mediana de edad de 21 años, rango intercuartílico (RIQ) de 20 años. 66% con lesiones del miembro superior, 79% tratados ambulatoriamente con una mediana de estancia en urgencias de 3,6 horas (RIQ 2,5). En el 98% la sedación fue realizada por un médico diferente al ortopedista. En la misma proporción se administró ketamina y midazolam conjuntamente, en 13% se utilizaron tres o más medicamentos. Se describieron 14 eventos adversos (3,9%), nueve correspondían a desaturación entre 80 y 90% resuelta con oxígeno por cánula nasal, tres casos de vómito después de la sedación sin broncoaspiración, y dos casos de desaturación <80% resuelta con oxígeno por cánula y maniobras para permeabilización de la vía aérea. Hubo alucinaciones visuales en un paciente. Ning un paciente requirió maniobras avanzadas para la vía aérea. Conclusiones: El uso de ketamina para sedación en urgencias tiene una baja prevalencia de eventos adversos mayores. La sedación con ketamina y midazolam, parece ser una estrategia segura en estos procedimientos.

Treatment of congenital clubfoot using Ponseti method / Tratamento do pé torto congênito pelo método de Ponseti

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the results from treatment of congenital clubfoot with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. METHODS: 26 patients who underwent treatment by means of the Ponseti method were analyzed (total of 39 feet). The mean age at the start of the treatment was 5.65 months. The mean length of the follow-up subsequent to tenotomy of the Achilles tendon was 4.6 years. Patients with secondary clubfoot were excluded. Epidemiological data, radiographic measurements on the Kite angle and data from a satisfaction questionnaire and the Laaveg questionnaire were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 26 patients treated, one presented recurrence of the deformity and had to return to the beginning of the treatment. The mean score from the questionnaire and physical examination was 89.76 points, and this result was considered good. 99% of the patients responded that their feet never hurt or hurt only upon great activity; 88% said that their feet did not limit their activities; and 96% said that they were very satisfied or satisfied with the results from the treatment. The mean Kite angle in anteroposterior view was 28.14° and it was 26.11° in lateral view. CONCLUSION: Treatment for idiopathic congenital clubfoot by means of the Ponseti method brings better results together with less soft-tissue injury, thus confirming the effectiveness and good reproducibility of this method.

OBJETIVO: Analisar quantitativa e qualitativamente os resultados do tratamento do pé torto congênito com seguimento médio de 4,6 anos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 26 pacientes que fizeram tratamento pelo método de Ponseti, total de 39 pés. A média da idade do início do tratamento foi 5,65 meses. O tempo de seguimento após a tenotomia do tendão de Aquiles foi em média de 4,6 anos. Foram excluídos pacientes com pé torto secundário. Foram analisados dados epidemiológicos e mensurações radiográficas do ângulo de Kite e aplicados questionário de satisfação e questionário de Laaveg. RESULTADOS: Dos 26 pacientes tratados, um apresentou recidiva da deformidade, foi necessário retornar ao início do tratamento. A pontuação média do questionário e do exame físico foi de 89,76, resultado considerado bom; 99% dos pacientes responderam que os pés nunca doem ou doem somente aos grandes esforços; 88% responderam que o pé não limita as atividades; 96% responderam que estão muito satisfeitos ou satisfeitos com os resultados do tratamento. A média do ângulo de Kite na incidência anteroposterior foi de 28,14° e no perfil 26,11°. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento para pé torto congênito idiopático pelo método Ponseti é o que traz melhores resultados associado a menor lesão de partes moles, o que confirma a eficácia e a boa reprodutibilidade do método.

Clinical research of percutaneous K-wires fixation after manipulative reduction combining with gypsum or splint fixation for treatment of the Barton fractures of aged people / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of using percutaneous K-wires fixation after manipulative reduction combining with gypsum or splint fixation for treatment of the Barton fracture of aged people.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2011 to May 2013, 91 patients with closed and fresh Barton fracture were analyzed retrospectively which information was complete. According to different methods these patients were divided into three groups: 33 patients in group A were treated by simplex fixation of gypsum or splint after manipulative reduction, including 20 males and 13 females with an average age of (63.27 ± 5.83) years old; 35 patients in group B were treated by percutaneous K-wires fixation after manipulative reduction combining with gypsum or splint fixation, including 23 males and 12 females with an average age of (64.25 ± 4.53) years old; 23 patients in group C were treated by open reduction and internal fixation including 15 males and 8 females with an average age of (64.04 ± 4.83) years old.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 10 to 16 months with an average of 12 months by the method of recheckging in outpatient clinic. According Dienst scoring system: in group A, the result was excellent in 15 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 11 cases; in group B, excellent in 25 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 4 cases; in group C, excellent in 16 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 2 cases. The excellent and good rate of group C was better than that of group B and A, further more group B is better than group A. According to X- ray standard, in group A, 26 patients were acceptable, 7 patients were unacceptable; in group B,28 patients were acceptable, 7 patients were uacceptable; in group C, 19 patients were acceptable,4 patients were unacceptable; there were no statistical significant difference (P > 0.05). There were 18 patients with emerging recrispation in group A, 10 patients in group B, 6 patients in group C, the result of group B and C was better than that of group A, and there was no statistically significant between group B and C (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using percutaneous K-wires fixation after manipulative reduction combining with gypsum or splint fixation for treatment of the Barton fracture of aged people is an effective method, it has advantages of micro-invasived, reliable fixation, less complication, not need to fix wrist joint and early functional exercise.</p>

Treatment of Colles fracture with manipulative closed reduction and U-shaped gypsum functional fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of U-shaped gypsum functional fixation after closed manipulative reduction for treatment of Colles' fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2011 to April 2014,47 cases of Colles fracture were treated by closed reduction and U-shaped gypsum functional fixation including 12 males and 35 females with an average age of 54.8 years old ranging from 8 to 72 years old. The time from injury to treatment was 40 min to 3 d. The patients were closed fractures without neurovascular injury. After manual reduction and U-shaped gypsum functional fixation, the thumb of injury hand were traction by contralateral hand, and other fingers of injury hand were taken flexion to exercise grip function. According to the situation of fracture healing, plaster was removed at 4 to 8 weeks' fixation, the wrist joint functional exercise was strengthened after plaster removed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of 6.4 months, the fracture healing time was 4 to 8 weeks. According to the Cooney wrist function scoring: the result was excellent in 44 cases, good in 2 cases, 1 case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>U-shape gypsum functional fixation for treatment of Colles fracture limits the activity of thumb and extensor tendon, can reduce shortening of radial by traction of the injury thumb with the contralateral hand; it is good for blood circulation of hand and wrist, and swelling.</p>

Manipulative reduction and small splint fixation combined with micromovement exercise for treatment of humeral shaft fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation combined with micro-movement theory exercise for treatment of humeral shaft fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2011 to February 2014, 64 cases of humeral shaft fractures were treated by bone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation including 28 males and 36 females with an average age of 38.1 years old ranging from 22 to 67 years old. According to the classification of AO/OTA, there were 10 cases of type A1, 12 cases of type A2,11 cases of type A3,10 cases of type B1,12 cases of type B2, 7 cases of type B3, 2 cases of type C1, 1 case of type C2, 1 case of type C3. After close reduction early functional exercise performed according to micro-movement theory. All patients had no other parts of the fractures, neurovascular injury, and serious medical problems. Patients were followed up for fracture healing, shoulder and elbow joint function recovery, and curative effect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 10 to 12 months with an average of 10.3 months. Of them, 2 cases had a small amount of callus growth at 3 months after close reduction, so instead of operation; 2 cases appeared radial nerve symptoms after close reduction ,so instead of operation. Other patients were osseous healing, the time was 8 to 12 weeks with an average of 10.2 weeks. After osseous healing, according to Constant-Murley score system ,the average score was (93.5 ± 3.2) points, the result was excellent in 29 cases, good in 29 cases, fair in 6 cases, excellent and good rate was 90.3%; according to the Mayo score system, the average score was (93.7 ± 4.2) points, the result was excellent in 35 cases, good in 23 cases, fair in 6 cases, excellent and good rate was 91.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation combined with micromovement theory exercise for treatment of humeral shaft fractures has advantage of positive effect, easy and inexpensive method, the treatment has relevant scientific basis and practical value, it can effectively reduce complications, promote patients early recovery.</p>

Glenoumeral dislocation: a prospective randomized study comparing spazo and kocher maneuvers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and to compare the Spaso and Kocher reduction maneuvers in terms of efficiency, time of reduction, facileness, pain, discomfort to the patient, complications and risks, besides promoting the comparison between the two maneuvers, aiming to ground the emergency conduct. METHODS: A prospective study with 105 patients with acute shoulder dislocations were enrolled in the study between February 2011 and September 2012. The patients were randomized into two groups and they were submitted to the reduction of dislocation using the Spaso maneuver (group A) or the Kocher technique (group B) by first, second or third-year orthopedic surgery residents from our service. The results were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, timing of reduction, number of precedent episodes and complications after reduction. However, reduction was achieved in more cases using the Spaso method than it was among the Kocher group, as well as the mean duration of the reduction maneuver and discomfort were shorter in the group A patients. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods presented good results in terms of dislocation reduction and low complications rates. Nevertheless, the Spaso maneuver was more efficient, fast and easily applicable in comparison with Kocher's method. Level of Evidence I, Therapeutic.

Análise da cocontração muscular em indivíduos com tálus anterior assintomático após manipulação articular / Co-contraction muscle analysis in individuals with anterior asymptomatic talus after joint manipulation

Introdução: A instabilidade crônica do tornozelo pode deslocar o tálus em relação ao calcâneo, e a manipulação articular é um tratamento comum para essa disfunção. Objetivo: Avaliar a cocontração dos músculos sóleo e tibial anterior após manipulação de tálus em jovens. Métodos: Dividiram-se 48 voluntários em três grupos: manipulado, placebo e controle. Foram coletados dados eletromiográficos dos participantes com os olhos abertos e fechados, antes e após as intervenções. Resultados: Os índices de cocontração muscular foram diferentes na condição olhos fechados nos grupos amostrais (p=0,002) e entre as avaliações (p=0,021). Conclusão: Sujeitos com deslocamento do tálus desenvolvem estratégias para aumentar a estabilidade articular do tornozelo, observadas por meio dos índices de cocontração aumentados em relação ao grupo controle. Após a manipulação do tálus, houve diminuição da cocontração muscular.

Introduction: Chronic ankle instability may promote displacement of the talus relative to the calcaneus; joint manipulation is a common treatment for this dysfunction. Objectives: To evaluate the soleus and tibialis anterior co-contraction after talus manipulation in young individuals. Methods: Forty-eight subjects were divided into three groups: manipulated, placebo and control. Electromyography data were collected in two conditions, eyes open and closed, before and after the interventions. Results: The muscle co-contraction levels showed significant difference on eyes closed condition between groups (p=0.002) and evaluations (p=0.021). Conclusion: Subjects with talus displacement developed strategies to increase ankle joint stability; it is showed by the increased co-contraction index relative to the control group. After joint manipulation there was a muscle co-contraction decrease.

In vivo study on the body motion during the Shi's cervical reduction technique with 3D motion capture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The clinical effect of the Shi's cervical reduction technique for cervical spondylosis and related disorders has confirmed, however, there were few studies on the body motion during manipulation in vivo study. This study is to summary the law of motion and the motion characteristics of the right operation shoulder, elbow, knee and ankle joints by data acquisition and analysis with the 3D motion capture system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The markers were pasted on the head, trunk, left and right acromion, elbow joint, wrist joint inner side and the outer side of the inner and the outer side and the lateral upper arm, forearm lateral, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, trochanter, femoral and tibial tubercle, inner and outer side of knee, ankle, fibular head, medial and lateral in first, 2,5 metatarsal head, heel and dual lateral thigh the calf, lateral tibia of one manipulation practioner, and the subject accepted a complete cycle of cervical "Jin Chu Cao and Gu Cuo Feng" manipulation which was repeated five times. The movement trajectory of the practioner's four markers of operation joints were captured, recorded, calculated and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The movement trajectories of four joints were consistent, while the elbow joint had the biggest discrete degree. The 3D activities of the shoulder and elbow were more obvious than other two joints, but the degree of flexion and extension in the knee was significantly greater than the rotation and lateral bending.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The flexibility of upper limb joint and stability of lower limb joint are the important guarantees for the Shi's cervical reduction technique, and the right knee facilitated the exerting force of upper limb by the flexion and extension activities. The 3D model built by the motion capture system would provide a new idea for manipulation teaching and further basic biomechanical research.</p>

Case-control study on close reduction combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for the treatment of distal fracture of tibial shaft / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of close reduction combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for distal fracture of tibial shaft.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2009 to May 2013, there were 124 patients (89 males and 35 females, 30 of them were injured in a traffic accident and 94 were falling down in daily life, the ages ranging from 21 to 81 years old) who suffered from distal fracture of tibial shaft. Sixty-six patients (48 males and 18 females, 45 cases of type A, 12 cases of type B and 9 cases of type C) were treated with close manipulative reduction combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate fixation. After close reduction, a minimal incision was made and a anatomic plate was inserted just along the medial tibia periostea, and then the fracture was fixed without fracture exposure. The other 58 patients (41 males and 17 females, 41 cases of type A, 10 cases of type B and 7 cases of type C) were treated with conventional open reduction and internal fixation. Length of the incision, operating time, early postoperative pain (recorded using the Visual Analog Scale score) and the outcome results (recorded using the evaluation standard of Johner-Wruhs) were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The length of incision was meanly (7.34 ± 1.42) cm in MIPPO group and (21.82 ± 2.35) cm in ORIF group; operation time was (44.48 ± 10.00) min in MIPPO group and (59.42 ± 11.84) min in ORIF group. The postoperative radiographs verified good position of all screws and satisfactory bone fracture reduction in both groups. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 10 to 24 months (mean 15.2 months) in both groups. In MIPPO group,only one patient had delayed union and got union after Chinese herb therapy. The other 65 patients got bony union during 15 to 20 weeks. While in ORIF group, 3 patients suffered from nonunion and received reoperation with bone grafting, and 4 patients got bone infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of distal fracture of tibial shaft, combined with close reduction and MIPPO technique, has the advantages such as less invasion, less damage of blood supply, simplified procedure of operation and higher union rate, which is an ideal methods and is accordant to the biological demand.</p>

Aplicación de los modelos mecanobiológicos en los procesos de regeneración ósea / Application of mechano-biological models in bone regeneration process / Mise en application des modèles biomécaniques dans les processus de régénération osseuse

Los modelos computacionales constituyen una herramienta necesaria en las investigaciones científicas. En este trabajo se muestra la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías, a través del Método de los Elementos Finitos en la implementación de los modelos mecanobiológicos usados en ortopedia. Se exponen los principales modelos mecano-reguladores que aparecen en la bibliografía y se ejemplifican las ventajas que proporcionan las técnicas de modelación en el pronóstico de la formación de nuevo tejido óseo, como respuesta biológica del organismo debido a la aplicación de cargas externas.

Computational models are a necessary tool in scientific researches. This paper deals with the use of new technologies, by using the Finite Element Method for the implementation of mechano-biological models used in orthopedic. Also the main mechano-regulator models are shown in this article, which are described in literature. On the other hand, the advantages provided by the modeling techniques during the prognosis of the new tissue formation, as a response of the organism to the application of external loads are stated by these authors.

Les modèles informatisées constituent un outil nécessaire dans les recherches scientifiques. Dans ce travail, on montre l’usage des nouvelles technologies, telle que la méthode des Éléments finis, dans la mise en application des modèles biomécaniques utilisés en orthopédie. On fait une révision des modèles mécano-régulateurs principaux apparus dans la littérature, et on met des exemples des bénéfices obtenus par les techniques de modélisation dans le pronostic de formation du nouveau tissu osseux comme réponse biologique du corps aux charges externes.

Comparison between traction-countertraction and modified scapular manipulation for reduction of shoulder dislocation / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>One of the most common joint dislocations presented to the emergency department (ED) is anterior shoulder dislocation (ASD). Various techniques for the treatment of this abnormality have been suggested. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and success rate of modified scapular manipulation (MSM) as a painless procedure compared to traction-countertraction (TCT) for reduction of ASD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with ASD who were presented to ED of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran during 2011 were included. They were randomly divided into MSM group or TCT group and then pain at reduction, time of reduction, duration of hospitalization, and success rate were compared. In TCT group, reduction was performed using sedative and antipain medications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety seven patients (81.6% male) with a mean age of 34.15 years±13.48 years were studied. The reduction time between both groups showed a significant difference (470.88 seconds±227.59 seconds for TCT group, 79.35 seconds±82.49 seconds for MSM group, P<0.001). The success rate in MSM group in the first and second effort were 89% and 97% whereas 73% and 100% in the TCT group respectively (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It seems that the manipulation technique can be more successful than the TCT method at the first effort whilst the second effort has the opposite results. Also MSM can be safer, cheaper and more acceptable for patients than TCT as a standard traditional method.</p>

Extorsion traction and pushing manipulation with fingers for the treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation in elderly / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a manipulating therapy for treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation in elderly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2011 to June 2012,27 elderly patients with anterior shoulder dislocation were treated by extorsion traction and pushing manipulation with fingers, including 7 males and 20 females aged from 65 to 86 years old with an average of 77. The course of disease ranged from 1 h to 1 d. The shoulder manifested square deformity, Dugus signs showed positive, and X-ray displayed anterior shoulder dislocation. Dugus fixation was applied for and removed external fixation at 3 weeks after operation and carried out shoulder functional exercise. Functional evaluation standard on shoulder joint injuries was used for evaluate clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were gained reduction for the first time, and followed up at 3 months after operation, no dislocation occurred. According to functional evaluation standard on shoulder joint injuries, 22 cases got an excellent result,2 cases good,and 1 case moderate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Extorsion traction and pushing manipulating therapy for treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation in elderly, which has advantages of simple, convenient, less painful, and can avoid iatrogenic injury, is feasible to widespread.</p>

Manipulative reduction and external fixation with cardboard splint for the treatment of calcaneal fractures: a 60-case report / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effects of manipulative reduction for calcaneal fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2009 to June 2012, 53 cases (60 affected feet) of Sanders type I-IV calcaneal fractures were treated by manipulative reduction and external fixation with cardboard splint,including 45 males and 8 females with an average age of (33.5 +/- 1.54) years old ranging from 18 to 65. The course of disease ranged 0.5 h to 7 d. Before treatment the feet were swelling, ache and activity limitation in evidence, some feet were wide flat deformity, the cortical bone was broken in the imaging examination. All selected cases were evaluated using Creighton-Nebraska health foundation assessment scale for fractures of calcaneus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases were followed up at 12 months after treatment, 13 feet got excellent curative effect, 34 good, 11 moderate and 2 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Manipulative reduction for Sanders type I-IV calcaneal fractures could get excellent curative effect. Manipulative reduction for calcaneal fractures could avoid surgical trauma while assure high curative effects. Manipulative reduction is not only economical and easy therapy, but also can restore maximum function of the calcaneus with few complications and facilitate early rehabilitation of ankle and joint function.</p>

Case-control study on the treatment of humerus supracondylar fracture of Gartland III in children by manipulative reduction and Kirschner wire percataneous internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical effect of the Gartland III humerus supracondylar fractures in children by manipulative reduction and Kirschner wire percataneous internal fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2010 and July 2013, 60 patients with Gartland III humerus supracondylar fracture were selected and divided into treatment group and control group. In the treatment group 32 patients were treated with traditional bone setting tetradeca-manipulative reduction and percataneous Kirschner wire internal fixation,included 18 males and 14 females with an average age of (7.8 +/- 2.7) years old ranging from 5 to 11; in the control group 28 patients were treated with open reduction and Kirschner wire internal fixation,included 16 males and 12 females with an average age of (7.2 +/- 3.0) years old ranging from 4 to 12. The motion range of the elbow joint,the time of fracture clinical healing, and the effect after 6 months of Flynm clinical functional assessment standards were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average fracture healing time of the control group (5.01 +/- 0.43) weeks was longer than that of the treatment group (4.29 +/- 0.29) weeks (t = 7.49, P = 0.00). At 6 months after treatment,the elbow motion range of the treatment group (146.02 +/- 2.28) was more than that of the control group (140.76 +/- 4.42) (t = -5.67, P = 0.00). At 6 months after treatment, according to Flynn evaluation, in the control group,there were 7 cases as excellent, 16 as good, 4 fair, 1 poor; in the treatment group, excellent in 21, good in 9, fair in 2 (U = 3.09, P = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Manipulative reduction and Kirschner wire percataneous internal fixation for treatment of children's Gartland III humerus condyle fractures can shorten fracture clinical healing time and the clinical curative effect is better.</p>

Manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation for the treatment of severely displaced distal tibial fractures in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic efficacy of manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation for the treatment of severely displaced distal tibial fractures in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2009 to December 2012,56 children with severely displaced distal tibial fractures were analyzed, who had been treated with manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. Preoperative fractures were confirmed as severely displaced fractures by X-ray apparatus. There were 33 boys and 23 girls,ranging in age from 3 to 14 years, with an average of 10.1 years. All the fractures were closed without vascular or nerve injuries. According to the bone fracture type, under C-arm fluoroscopy, functional reduction was achieved by manipulative reduction. The fractures were fixed with percutaneous pins. Postoperative X-ray confirmed the functional reduction. Follow-up indexes were recorded: intra-operative and postoperative complications,postoperative radiographic examination, lower extremity length and range of ankle motion. Ankle score system of Teeny was used to evaluate ankle function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 46 months, with an average duration of 19.4 months. According to the Teeny score standard, 35 patients got an excellent result, 7 good and 3 fair. Pin track reaction was found in 4 cases. The X-ray showed all the fractures healed without shortening deformity or epiphyseal arrest at early stage. All the patients could participate in the normal physical activities, having a normal range of motion and excellent strength of the ankle joint.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is a safe and convenient treatment for severely displaced distal tibial fractures in children. It has several advantages as follow: micro-trauma, tiny tissue damage, firm fixation, and the patients can exercise the function of ankle early, suggesting that it is an effective treatment method.</p>

Case-control study on the occurrence of cubitus varus deformity after humeral supracondylar fractures treated with plaster fixation in pronated or supinated position in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively compare the occurrence of cubitus varus deformity after humeral supracondylar fractures treated with manipulative reduction and plaster fixation in pronated or supinated position in children, and to guide clinical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to December 2011, the medical data of 64 children with humeral supracondylar fractures treated by manipulative reduction and plaster fixation were reviewed. All the patients were divided into two groups: group A and group B. The 30 patients in group A were treated with manipulative reduction and plaster fixation in pronation, including 18 males and 12 females, with a mean age of (7.5 ± 3.5) years old. The 34 patients in group B were treated with manipulative reduction and plaster fixation in supination, including 23 males and 11 females, with a mean age of (7.0 ± 2.6) years old. The occurrence rates of cubitus varus and decreases of carrying angle were compared between two groups before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 13 patients in group A and 16 patients in group B having cubitus varus,which had no statistical difference (χ2 = 0.089, P = 0.765). The decrease of carrying angle were (8 ± 4) degrees in group A and (9 ± 5) degrees in group B, which had no statistical difference (t = 0.584, P = 0.564). Within group A, the occurrence rate of cubitus varus and the decrease of carrying angle between the radial deviation and the ulnar deviation had statistically significant difference (χ2 = 6.160, P = 0.013; t = - 2.409, P = 0.035). Within group B, the occurrence rate of cubitus varus and the decrease of carrying angle between the radial deviation and the ulnar deviation had statistically significant difference (χ2 = 5.120, P = 0.024; t = -2.250, P = 0.041). The elbow function Flynn evaluation score had no significant difference between two groups (P = -0.822).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occurrence rate of cybutys varys and the decrease of carrying angle have no obvious difference in children with humeral supracondylar fractures treated with fixation in pronated or supinated position. However, when treating with pediatrics humerus supracondylar fractures with ulnar deviation, the fixation in pronation is more helpful for reducing the occurrence rate of elbow varus and decrease of carrying angle. When treating with the pediatrics humerus supracondylar fractures with radial deviation, fixation in supination is helpful for reducing the occurrence rate of elbow varus and decrease of carrying angle.</p>

Treatment of type C3 distal radius fractures with AO 2.4 mm locking plate system after manipulative reduction / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize our experiences in the treatment of type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures fixed with AO 2.4 mm locking plates combined with percutaneous pinning after manipulative reduction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2009 to March 2012, 19 patients (2 cases of both sides) with type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures were treated with volar locking plates combined with percutaneous pinning for distal radius after manipulative reduction. Among the patients, the average age was (45.3 ± 17.4) years old (ranged, 31 to 66 years old). The fracture were complicated with ulnar styloid fracture in 14 wrists and 6 wrists had distal radioulnar joint instability. All the patients had closed fracture and the mean duration was (6.7 ± 3.5) days (4.5 to 9 days). The Henry approach was applied to expose the fracture site. Joint capsule and ligaments were retained for indirect reduction. After indirect reduction, the poking reduction technique was used to correct the residual compression, and congruence of distal ulnar radial joint was verified under fluorscopic guidance. Styloid process was first pinned percutaneously and then AO 2.4 mm volar locking plate was used to support rigid fixation. The fractures complicated with distal radioulnar joint instability and ulnar styloid fracture were treated with forearm plaster support in supination for 6 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nineteen patients (21 wrists) were followed up for an average duration of 10.5 months (ranged, 7 to 17 months). Radiographic bone union of distal radius was achieved in all cases, nonunion of the ulnar styloid occurred in 3 cases, and no distal radioulnar joint instability occurred. Tendon irritation was found in 2 cases and disappeared after the internal fixation was removed. The volar tilt, radial angle, radial length, incongruence of articular surface and distal radioulnar joint were observed at the follow-up. According to Batra and Gupta scoring system, 13 wrists were assessed to have a score of more than 80, 5 wrists 70 to 90, 3 wrists less than 70. Meanwhile, the subjective and objective evaluation was executed,range of motion of wrist, residual deformity and complications were observed. According to Sarmiento's modification of the system of Gartland and Werley, 17 wrists got an excellent result, 3 good and 1 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures could be managed with manipulative reduction. Locking plate internal fixation combined with percutaneous pinning can offer enough support for early mobilization and rehabilitation, resulting in a better clinical outcome and satisfactory prognosis.</p>